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March 18, 2024 

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DIAMOND-WATER PARADOX: The perplexing observation that water, which is more useful than diamonds, has a lower price. If price is related to utility, how can this occur? This paradox was first proposed by classical economists in the 19th century and was subsequently used as a stepping stone for developing the notion of marginal utility and the role it plays in the demand price of a good. The paradox is magically cleared up with an understanding of marginal utility and total utility. People are willing to pay a higher price for goods with greater marginal utility. As such, water which is plentiful has enormous total utility, but a low price because of a low marginal utility. Diamonds, however, have less total utility because they are less plentiful, but a high price because of a high marginal utility.

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INSIDE LAG: In the context of economic policies, the time between a shock to the economy and corrective government action responding to the shock. This is one of two primary lags in the use of economic policies. The other is outside lag, the time between the government action and the affect on the economy. The inside lag can be divided into the recognition lag and the implementation lag. The recognition lag is identifying the shock or need for action and the implementation is determining the appropriate policy response. Monetary policy tends to have a shorter outside lag than fiscal policy. The length of the inside and outside lags is one argument against the use of discretionary policies to stabilize business cycles.

     See also | economic policies | policy lags | outside lag | recognition lag | implementation lag | leading economic indicator | business cycle | monetary policy | fiscal policy |


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PHYSICAL WEALTH, AGGREGATE DEMAND DETERMINANT

One of several specific aggregate demand determinants assumed constant when the aggregate demand curve is constructed, and that shifts the aggregate demand curve when it changes. An increase in the physical wealth causes a decrease (leftward shift) of the aggregate curve. A decrease in the physical wealth causes an increase (rightward shift) of the aggregate curve. Other notable aggregate demand determinants include interest rates, federal deficit, inflationary expectations, and the money supply.

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time watching infomercials hoping to buy either a travel case for you toothbrush or a looseleaf notebook binder. Be on the lookout for door-to-door salesmen.
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One of the largest markets for gold in the United States is the manufacturing of class rings.
"Whatever course you decide upon, there is always someone to tell you that you are wrong. There are always difficulties arising which tempt you to believe that your critics are right. To map out a course of action and follow it to an end requires...courage."

-- Ralph Waldo Emerson

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