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PARETO IMPROVEMENT: Based on the Pareto efficiency criterion, the notion that an action improves efficiency if it is possible for one person to benefit without anyone else being harmed. A Pareto improvement is possible if the economy has idle resources or market failures. With idle resources, more production is possible to help some without hurting others. With market failures, corrective actions can eliminate deadweight loss that can then be use for benefits economy-wide. A contrasting condition for attaining efficiency is the Kaldor-Hicks improvement.
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JOINT DEMAND: Demand for two or more commodities that are either complements-in-consumption or complements-in-production. Joint demand results because two or more commodities are used together either to satisfy wants and needs or to produce goods and services. Because the commodities are used jointly, the demand for one good is necessarily based on the use and availability of another good. If, for example, you enjoy milk and brownies as complements-in-consumption, but the bakery is out of brownies, then your demand for milk is also likely to decline. See also | complement-in-consumption | complement-in-production | demand | consumption | production | joint product |
Recommended Citation:JOINT DEMAND, AmosWEB GLOSS*arama, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2025. [Accessed: July 8, 2025].
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RETURNS TO SCALE Changes in production the occur when all resources are proportionately changed in the long run. Returns to scale come in three forms--increasing, decreasing, or constant based on whether the changes in production are proportionally more than, less than, or equal to the proportional changes in inputs. Returns to scale are the guiding principle for long-run production, playing a similar role that the law of diminishing marginal returns plays for short-run production.
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GRAY SKITTERY
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time browsing through a long list of dot com websites trying to buy either a coffee cup commemorating yesterday or a replacement remote control for your television. Be on the lookout for celebrities who speak directly to you through your television.
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John Maynard Keynes was born the same year Karl Marx died.
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"Progress always involves risk. You can't steal second base and keep your foot on first. " -- Frederick B. Wilcox
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IGARCH
Integrated Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity
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