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HARD MONEY: Historically money that is in the form of precious metals, especially gold. In modern times, any national currency that is expected to retain its value (and even appreciate in value), and is readily acceptable for most international transactions. The U.S. dollar, German marc, and Swiss franc tend to be near the top of the list of hard money (also termed hard currency).
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THIRD ESTATE: In past centuries, this included the peasants, serfs, or slaves who performed the dirty deeds for the ruling elite. In modern times, this is the workers, taxpayers, and consumers who have limited ownership of and control over resources usually nothing more than their own labor. The third estate, which forms the backbone of any modern economy, is usually at odds with the business leaders of the second estate. Help may come from the government leaders of the first estate or the journalist of the fourth estate--but don't count on it. See also | consumers | labor | second estate | third estate | fourth estate |
Recommended Citation:THIRD ESTATE, AmosWEB GLOSS*arama, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2023. [Accessed: February 9, 2023].
AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia:Additional information on this term can be found at: WEB*pedia: third estate
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AGGREGATE DEMAND CURVE A graphical representation of the relation between aggregate expenditures on real production and the price level, holding all ceteris paribus aggregate demand determinants constant. The aggregate demand (AD) curve is one side of the graphical presentation of the aggregate market. The other side is occupied by the long-run aggregate supply curve and/or the short-run aggregate supply curve. The negative slope of the aggregate demand curve captures the inverse relation between aggregate expenditures on real production and the price level. This negative slope is attributable to the interest-rate, real-balance, and net-export effects.
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YELLOW CHIPPEROON
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a garage sale seeking to buy either shoe laces for your snow boots or a rim for your spare tire. Be on the lookout for slightly overweight pizza delivery guys.
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A lump of pure gold the size of a matchbox can be flattened into a sheet the size of a tennis court!
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IV
Instrumental Variables
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