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PERFECT COMPETITION: An ideal market structure characterized by a large number of small firms, identical products sold by all firms, freedom of entry into and exit out of the industry, and perfect knowledge of prices and technology. This is one of four basic market structures. The other three are monopoly, oligopoly, and monopolistic competition. Perfect competition is an idealized market structure that's not observed in the real world. While unrealistic, it does provide an excellent benchmark that can be used to analyze real world market structures. In particular, perfect competition efficiently allocates resources.

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UNFAVORABLE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS: An imbalance in a nation's balance of payments in which payments made by the country exceed payments received by the country. This is also termed a balance of payments deficit. It's considered unfavorable because more currency is flowing out of the country than is flowing in. Such an unequal flow of currency will reduce the supply of money in the nation and subsequently cause an increase in the exchange rate relative to the currencies of other nations. This then has implications for inflation, unemployment, production, and other facets of the domestic economy. A balance of trade deficit is often the source of a balance of payments deficit, but other payments can turn a balance of trade deficit into a balance of payments surplus.

     See also | balance of payments | money supply | currency | foreign exchange market | exchange rate | balance of payments surplus | balance of trade deficit | international finance |


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FALLACY OF DIVISION

The logical fallacy of arguing that what is true for the whole is also true for the parts. In the study of economics, this takes the form of assuming that what works for the aggregate, or macroeconomy, also works for parts of the economy, such as households or businesses. The contrasting fallacy is the fallacy of composition.

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APLS

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time watching the shopping channel seeking to buy either a birthday greeting card for your grandfather or a weathervane with a cow on top. Be on the lookout for slow moving vehicles with darkened windows.
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Two and a half gallons of oil are needed to produce one automobile tire.
"Every man must decide whether he will walk in the light of creative altruism or in the darkness of destructive selfishness."

-- Martin Luther King, Jr., clergyman

GSP
Gross State Product, Generalized System of Preferences
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