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NEEDS: This are often thought of as a physiological or biological requirement for maintaining life, such as the need for air, water, food, shelter, and sleep. Satisfaction is achieved by fulfilling needs. Physiological needs should be contrasted with psychological wants that make life more enjoyable but are not necessary to stay alive. However, when push comes to shove, and the nitty gets down to the gritty, it matters very little to markets if people need goods or want goods, so long as they are motivated to satisfy them. This motivation is what drives economic activity.
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VALUE-ADDED TAX: A tax on the extra value added during each stage in the production of a good. Most of the stuff our economy produces goes through several "stages," usually with different businesses. In each stage, resources do their thing to the good to make it a little more valuable. For example, an ice cream store can take 50 cents worth of ice cream, fudge, and whipped topping and turn it into a hot fudge sundae that's valued at $1.50. The efforts of the ice cream resources thus add $1 in value. A value-added tax is based on this extra value. While it's been debated off and on in the United States, a value-added tax is commonly used in Europe. See also | tax | production | resources | sales tax | income tax | stages of production |
Recommended Citation:VALUE-ADDED TAX, AmosWEB GLOSS*arama, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2019. [Accessed: March 23, 2019].
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RISK PREMIUM The difference between a guaranteed or certain income and a risky income that generate the same level of utility. Risk premium is the amount of income that a risk adverse person is willing to pay to avoid the risk. Alternatively, it is the amount of income that a risk loving person is willing to pay to engage in risk. For risk aversion, the risk premium is the amount a person would pay for insurance.
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PURPLE SMARPHIN
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time flipping through the yellow pages seeking to buy either a wall poster commemorating yesterday or pink cotton balls. Be on the lookout for mail order catalogs with hidden messages.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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The 1909 Lincoln penny was the first U.S. coin with the likeness of a U.S. President.
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"It is not the straining for great things that is most effective; it is the doing of the little things, the common duties, a little better and better." -- Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, Writer
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NE
Nash Equilibrium
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