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SCARCITY RENT: The marginal opportunity cost imposed on future generations by extracting one more unit of a resource today. Scarcity rent is one of two costs the extraction of a finite resource imposes on society. The other is marginal extraction cost--the opportunity cost of resources employed in the extraction activity. Scarcity rent is the cost of "using up" a finite resource because benefits of the extracted resource are unavailable to future generations. Efficiency is achieved when the resource price--the benefit society is willing to pay for the resource today--is equal to the sum of marginal extraction cost and scarcity rent.

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INCOME TAX: A tax on income, including wages, rent, interest, profit, and (usually) transfer payments. The income tax system in the United States includes both a personal income tax and corporate income tax. In general, the U. S. income tax is progressive, but through a number of deductions and other loopholes, it's less so in practice that on paper.

     See also | tax | income | factor payments | personal income tax | corporate income tax | progressive tax | Internal Revenue Service |


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AUTOMATIC STABILIZERS

Taxes and transfer payments that depend on the level of aggregate production and income such that they automatically dampen business-cycle instability without the need for discretionary policy action. Automatic stabilizers are a form of nondiscretionary fiscal policy that do not require explicit action by the government sector to address the ups and downs of the business cycle and the problems of unemployment and inflation.

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a crowded estate auction hoping to buy either a box of multi-colored, plastic paper clips or several orange mixing bowls. Be on the lookout for pencil sharpeners with an attitude.
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Before 1933, the U.S. dime was legal as payment only in transactions of $10 or less.
"You are never given a dream without also being given the power to make it true."

-- Richard Bach, Author

JFE
Journal of Financial Economics
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