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COIN: A shiny metal disc, almost always authorized by a national government entity, with a raised impression of famous dead people on one side and a building or birds on the other that is used as money. U.S. coins are issued by the U.S. Treasury Department and come in denominations of pennies, nickels, dimes, quarters, half-dollars, and dollars. At one time, metal coins were comprised of valuable metal (that is, commodity money) in an amount equivalent to their face value. A dime had 10-cents worth of silver. A nickel had 5-cents worth of nickel. A penney had 1-cents worth of copper. Most modern coins, however, are fiat money, containing less valuable metal alloys. But they work just fine in vending machines.
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                           CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE: A given proportional change in all resources in the long run results in the same proportional change in production. Constant returns to scale exists if a firm increases ALL resources--labor, capital, and other inputs--by 10 percent, and output also increases by 10 percent. This is one of three returns to scale. The other two are increasing returns to scale and decreasing returns to scale. Constant returns to scale results if long run production changes are greater than proportional changes in all inputs used by a firm.Suppose, for example, that The Wacky Willy Company employs 1,000 workers in a 5,000 square foot factory to produce 1 million Stuffed Amigos (those cute and cuddly armadillos, tarantulas, and scorpions) each month. Constant returns to scale exists if the scale of operation expands to 2,000 workers in a 10,000 square foot factory (a doubling of the inputs) and production increases to exactly 2 million Stuffed Amigos. The anticipated pattern for most production activities is that increasing returns to scale emerge for relatively small levels of production, which is then following by constant returns to scale and decreasing returns to scale. Returns to scale are the flip side of economies and diseconomies of scale. Although economies and diseconomies of scale focus on changes in average cost, returns to scale focus on production. One way to view constant returns to scale is the quantity of production or the range or production in which the forces underlying increasing returns to scale exactly balance the forces underlying decreasing returns to scale.
Recommended Citation:CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE, AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2018. [Accessed: April 23, 2018].
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time searching for rummage sales seeking to buy either a package of 4 by 6 index cards, the ones with lines or a 50 foot extension cord. Be on the lookout for deranged pelicans.
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The New York Stock Exchange was established by a group of investors in New York City in 1817 under a buttonwood tree at the end of a little road named Wall Street.
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