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January 16, 2026 

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DEMAND SHOCK: A disruption of market equilibrium (that is, a market adjustment) caused by a change in a demand determinant and a shift of the demand curve. A demand shock can take one of two forms--an Demand Increase or a Demand Decrease. An increase in demand is seen as a rightward shift of the demand curve and results in an increase in equilibrium quantity and an increase in equilibrium price. A decrease in demand is a leftward shift of the demand curve and results in a decrease in equilibrium quantity and a decrease in equilibrium price.

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OPEN MARKET OPERATIONS: The Federal Reserve System's buying and selling of government securities in an effort to alter bank reserves and subsequently the nation's money supply. These actions, under the direction of the Federal Open Market Committee, are the Fed's number one, most effective, most often used tool of monetary policy. If, for example, the Fed wants to increase the money supply (termed easy money) it buy's government securities. If the Fed chooses to reduce the money supply (called tight money) it sells some government securities.

     See also | Federal Reserve System | Federal Open Market Committee | money | money supply | open market | bank reserves | excess reserves | monetary policy | tight money | easy money | discount rate | reserve requirements | government securities | banking | money creation | federal funds rate |


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CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT

Interest-paying bank accounts maintained by traditional commercial banks, credit unions, savings and loan associations, and mutual savings banks that stipulate a fixed interest rate and the length of maturity before the funds can be withdrawn. Certificates of deposit (CDs) pay a higher interest rate than regular savings accounts, but the funds cannot be withdraw at the full interest rate until the maturity date. These are one of two types of time deposits. The other is savings deposits. Certificates of deposit, along with savings deposits and other near monies, are added to M1 to derive M2.

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a flea market looking to buy either a wall poster commemorating yesterday or pink cotton balls. Be on the lookout for empty parking spaces that appear to be near the entrance to a store.
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On a typical day, the United States Mint produces over $1 million worth of dimes.
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