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TAX BASE: An item or activity that is subject to taxation. The most common tax bases are income, consumption, and wealth. The personal income tax and Social Security tax are two common taxes levied on the income base. Sales taxes are the most common taxes levied on the consumption base. Property taxes are the most common taxes levied on the wealth base.
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Lesson Contents
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Unit 1: A Little Magic |
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Unit 2: Fred Returns |
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Unit 3: Modern Banking |
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Unit 4: The Multiplier |
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Unit 5: Policy | |
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Money Creation
The magic of money creation as practiced by private banks is the topic of this lesson. While it seems like magic, money creation is a fundamental aspect of fractional-reserve banking. As such, in this lesson we take a look at why and how banks create money (a task they would seem to be the exclusive privilege of government). This examination of money creation provides insight into how government is able to control the economy's money supply. - The first unit introduces the magic of money creation, as practiced by the banking system.
- The second unit presents a hypothetical example of money creation as practiced by Fred the Goldsmith, where the money is different, but the process is comparable to modern banks.
- The third unit of this lesson, then examines a detailed example of how the banking system goes about creating money when it has an injection of excess reserves.
- In the fourth unit, the money creation process is summarized in terms of a deposit multiplier, which a thought or two on how this can be expanded to a money multiplier, which interests government as it seeks to control the money supply.
- The last unit of this lesson examines the money creation process in the context of monetary policies and government control of the money supply.
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SHORT-RUN AGGREGATE SUPPLY AND MARKET SUPPLY The short-run aggregate supply curve, or SRAS curve, has similarities to, but differences from, the standard market supply curve. Both are positively sloped. Both relate price and quantity. However, the market supply curve is positively sloped due to the law of diminishing marginal returns and the short-run aggregate supply curve is positively-sloped due to inflexible prices, the pool of natural unemployment, and imbalances in real resource prices.
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PURPLE SMARPHIN
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time touring the new suburban shopping complex hoping to buy either a birthday gift for your uncle or a pair of red and purple designer socks. Be on the lookout for strangers with large satchels of used undergarments.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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Rosemary, long associated with remembrance, was worn as wreaths by students in ancient Greece during exams.
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"We should never allow ourselves to be bullied by an either-or. There is often the possibility of something better than either of those two alternatives. " -- Mary Parker Follett, management coach
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WPO
Weakly Pareto Optimal
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