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July 11, 2025 

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PERFECT COMPETITION AND SHORT-RUN SUPPLY CURVE: A perfectly competitive firm's supply curve is that portion of its' marginal cost curve that lies above the minimum of the average variable cost curve. A perfectly competitive firm maximizes profit by producing the quantity of output that equates price and marginal cost. As such, the firm moves along it's marginal cost curve in response to alternative prices. Because the marginal cost curve is positively sloped due to the law of diminishing marginal returns, the firm's supply curve is also positively sloped.

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DECREASING-COST INDUSTRY: A perfectly competitive industry with a negatively-sloped long-run industry supply curve that results because expansion of the industry causes lower production cost and resource prices. For a decreasing-cost industry the entry of new firms, prompted by an increase in demand, causes the long-run average supply curve of each firm to shift downward, which decreases the minimum efficient scale of production.

     See also | perfect competition | supply | supply curve | industry | demand increase | minimum efficient scale | production cost | resource prices | economies of scale | increasing-cost industry | constant-cost industry |


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DECREASING-COST INDUSTRY, AmosWEB GLOSS*arama, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2025. [Accessed: July 11, 2025].


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WEB*pedia: decreasing-cost industry

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OLIGOPOLY AND MONOPOLY

Oligopoly and monopoly have some similarities, both tend to be relatively large and possess significant market control, but also have a few important differences, oligopoly market has more than one firm. The dividing line between oligopoly and monopoly, however, can be blurred due to the closeness of substitutes and the inclination of oligopoly firms to collude.

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The 22.6% decline in stock prices on October 19, 1987 was larger than the infamous 12.8% decline on October 29, 1929.
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