EXTERNALITY: A cost or benefit that is not included in the market price of a good because it's not included in the supply price or the demand price. Pollution is an example of an externality cost if producers aren't the ones who suffer from pollution damages. Education is an example of an externality benefit when members of society other than students benefit from a more educated population. Externality is one type of market failure that causes inefficiency.

     See also | opportunity cost | market | supply price | demand price | market failure | efficiency | pollution | materials balance | good types | Pigouvian tax | Coase theorem |

EXTERNALITY, AmosWEB GLOSS*arama, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2025. [Accessed: July 12, 2025].

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A graphical model used to analyze the trade between two nations based on the domestic markets for a particular good in each nation. The international market combines the excess demand (or import demand) from one country with the excess supply (or export supply) from another to illustrate how two nations undertake mutually beneficial trade. The international market model also can be used to analyze the impact of tariffs, import quotas, and export subsidies.

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