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LONG-RUN EQUILIBRIUM, MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION: Relative freedom of entry and exit ensures that, in the long run, every firm in a monopolistically competitive industry earns exactly a normal profit, receiving neither an economic profit, nor incurring an economic loss. This result is achieved because entry and exit affects the market supply curve, which affects the overall market price, each firm's demand curve, and the range or prices it can charge. Each firm's demand curve adjusts until the profit-maximizing price is exactly equal to average total cost (both short run and long run).
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X-INEFFICIENCY: Cost that is higher than it needs to be because a firm is operating inefficiently. This is most often seen for firms that have a great deal of market control, especially monopoly. The lack of competition allows a business to pad it's expenses, hire unneeded employees (like relatives), goof off instead of working, and all sorts of other things that lessen production and increase cost. The business is not penalized for these actions, because market control allows the company to extract whatever price is needed to cover cost. See also | economic rent | profit | opportunity cost | efficiency | market control | monopoly | natural monopoly | average-cost pricing | public utility |
Recommended Citation:X-INEFFICIENCY, AmosWEB GLOSS*arama, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2019. [Accessed: July 21, 2019].
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VERY LONG RUN, MICROECONOMICS A production time period in which all inputs are variable, including those under control of the firm and those beyond the control of the firm. During the very long run, not only are the labor, capital, land, and entrepreneurship inputs variable, but so too are key production inputs such as government rules, technology, and social customs. This is one of four production time periods used in the study of microeconomics. The other three are short run, long run, and very short run.
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WHITE GULLIBON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time browsing about a thrift store hoping to buy either a toaster oven that has convection cooking or a birthday gift for your mother. Be on the lookout for pencil sharpeners with an attitude.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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The 22.6% decline in stock prices on October 19, 1987 was larger than the infamous 12.8% decline on October 29, 1929.
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"When I stand before God at the end of my life, I would hope that I would not have a single bit of talent left, and could say, „I used everything you gave me.¾" -- Erma Bombeck, writer
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IARA
Increasing Absolute Risk Aversion
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