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ABILITY-TO-PAY PRINCIPLE: A principle of taxation in which taxes are based on the income or resource-ownership ability of people to pay the tax. The income tax collected by our friends at the Internal Revenue Service is one of the most common taxes that seeks to abide by the ability-to-pay principle. In theory, the income tax system is set up such that people with greater incomes pay more taxes. Proportional and progressive taxes follow this ability-to-pay principle, while regressive taxes, such as sales taxes and Social Security taxes, don't.
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                           BUYERS' INCOME, DEMAND DETERMINANT: The income that buyers have available to purchase a good, which is assumed constant when a demand curve is constructed. Buyers' income is one of five demand determinants that shift the demand curve when they change. The other four are buyers' preferences, other prices, buyers' expectations, and number of buyers. Buyers' income affects the ability to purchase a good. In general, income has a direct affect on the ability to buy a good, that is, more income means more buying. However, income can actually affect demand in two ways. For normal goods, more income means more demand. For inferior goods, however, more income means less demand.Normal and InferiorWhen it comes to the buyers' income demand determinant, goods fall into one of two types--normal and inferior.- Normal Good: A normal good exists when buyers are inclined to buy more of the good if they have more income. A normal good is so named because it represents the typical, or "normal" situation. An increase in income means buyers have a greater ability to purchase goods. As such, buyers are "normally" inclined to buy more if they have more income.
- Inferior Good: An inferior good exists when buyers are inclined to buy less of the good if they have more income. An inferior good is so named because it tends to be less expensive than more desirable goods. As such, when buyers have more income and can afford to buy the more expensive products, then they reduce their purchases of the inferior goods.
Shifting the Demand Curve| Buyers' Income | 
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A change in buyers' income causes the demand curve to shift. This can be illustrated using the negatively-sloped demand curve for Wacky Willy Stuffed Amigos presented in this exhibit. This demand curve captures the specific one-to-one, law of demand relation between demand price and quantity demanded. Buyers' income is assumed to remain constant with the construction of this demand curve.Now, consider how changes in buyers' income shifts the demand curve. The demand curve is affected in a different way for normal goods than for inferior goods. - Normal Good: An increase in buyers' income causes an increase in demand and a rightward shift of the demand curve for a normal good. Click the [Income Increase] button under the Normal Good heading to demonstrate.
A decrease in buyers' income causes a decrease in demand and a leftward shift of the demand curve for a normal good. Click the [Income Decrease] button under the Normal Good heading to demonstrate.
- Inferior Good: An increase in buyers' income causes a decrease in demand and a leftward shift of the demand curve for an inferior good. Click the [Income Increase] button under the Inferior Good heading to demonstrate.
A decrease in buyers' income causes an increase in demand and a rightward shift of the demand curve for an inferior good. Click the [Income Decrease] button under the Inferior Good heading to demonstrate.
Not the Income EffectThe buyers' income demand determinant needs to be distinguished from a seemingly similar notion, the income effect.- Buyers' Income Demand Determinant: Buyers' income is a demand determinant that affects the ability to purchase a good, given no change in the price of the good. The change in buyers' income causes a change in demand and a shift of the demand curve. With the buyers' income demand determinant, price is fixed and income changes.
- Income Effect: The income effect results from a change in demand price, which affects the purchasing power of a given amount of income. The change in purchasing power then causes a change in quantity demanded and a movement along the demand curve. With the income effect, price changes and income is fixed.
Recommended Citation:BUYERS' INCOME, DEMAND DETERMINANT, AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2025. [Accessed: April 26, 2025].
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time surfing the Internet trying to buy either a computer that can play video games and burn DVDs or a black duffle bag with velcro closures. Be on the lookout for rusty deck screws.
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Cyrus McCormick not only invented the reaper for harvesting grain, he also invented the installment payment for selling his reaper.
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"Sometimes when you innovate, you make mistakes. It is best to admit them quickly and get on with improving your other innovations. " -- Steve Jobs, Apple Computer founder
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PTA
Preferential Trade Agreement
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