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FACTOR SUPPLY: The willingness and ability of scarce resources or factors of production to offer their services for use in productive activities. Like other types of supply, factor supply relates price and quantity. Specifically, factor supply is the range of factor quantities that are supplied at a range of factor prices. This is one half of the factor market. The other half is factor demand. The factors of production subject to factor supply include any and all of the four scarce resources--labor, capital, land, and entrepreneurship. However, because labor involves human beings directly, it is the factor that tends to receive the most scrutiny and analysis.
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                           CENTRAL PLANNING: A system of extensive central government control of an economy, including organizing production and making allocation decisions. This was the popular method of allocating resources and answering the three basic questions of allocation under communism and socialism economic systems of the Soviet Union, China, and others during the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. Applying the communist/socialist philosophy that private property and market allocation was "bad", central planning relied on extremely detailed plans made by government. These plans would set specific production quotas for individual products, parts, components, and inputs fabricated by all of the factories and farms across the economy. This was a daunting, complex task that required detailed production information for hundreds of thousands of different commodities.InefficiencyWhile some attribute the fall of the Soviet Union in the 1980s to the United States military build-up, the burdensome bureaucratic inefficiency of central planning played an important role, if not THE key role in this decline.Central planning tends to be inefficient due to: - One, the resources used for the central planning process cannot be used to undertake actual production. In other words, a person (the planner) who spends eight hours calculating how much flour is needed to produce bread, is not actually producing any bread.
- Two, the central planning process, being developed and implemented by mere humans, is inherently flawed. Mistakes happen. Inputs are sent to the wrong factories. A decimal point is misplaced. Too much of one good is produced and too little of another. All of these mistakes mean less output is produced with available resources.
Central Planning and CapitalismWhile central planning is usually associated with communist/socialist economies it is also practiced, to a much lesser degree, by market-oriented economies such as that found in the United States. For example, the Federal Reserve System has a "central plan" for the growth of the money supply. The Department of Transportation has a "central plan" for highway construction. Almost every city has a "central plan" that specifies where different types of activities can locate within the city.There are two main differences between "central plans" found in capitalism and communist/socialist-type central planning. - First, the plans found in capitalism are usually only for a segment of the economy. They do not attempt to integrate the massive amounts of information needed for an economy-wide central plan.
- Second, planning undertaken in capitalism works within the confines of a market-based economy, making use of market efficiencies, rather than attempting to provide an alternative to the system.
Recommended Citation:CENTRAL PLANNING, AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2022. [Accessed: May 26, 2022].
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BLUE PLACIDOLA
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time watching infomercials seeking to buy either a dozen high trajectory optic orange golf balls or a large red and white striped beach towel. Be on the lookout for neighborhood pets, especially belligerent parrots.
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The earliest known use of paper currency was about 1270 in China during the rule of Kubla Khan.
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"Try not to become a man of success, but rather try to become a man of value. " -- Albert Einstein
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NNP
Net National Product
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