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INDUCED INVESTMENT: Business investment expenditures that depend on income or production (especially national income or gross national product). An increase in national income triggers an increase in induced investment expenditures. Induced investment is graphically depicted as the slope of the investment line and is measured by the marginal propensity to invest. The induced relation between income and investment, as well as other induced expenditures, form the foundation of the multiplier effect triggered by changes in autonomous expenditures.
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                           COMMAND ECONOMY: An economy in which the government uses its coercive powers to answer the three questions of allocation. This is the real world version of the idealized theoretical pure command economy. While in this real world version some allocation decisions are undertaken by markets, the vast majority are made through central planning. A command economy is one in which government commands (directs, orders, or dictates) the vast majority of resource allocation decisions. The contrasting economic system is a market-oriented economy, in which resource allocation decisions are achieved primarily through voluntary market exchanges.To achieve the allocation in absence of market exchanges, command economies make use of central planning. While central planning exists to some degree even in market-oriented capitalist economies, the level of detail needed in command economies is extensive. Every input, every output, every intermediate good, every worker, every resource is allocated based on a predetermined plan. Such planning is inherently less flexible and less efficient than markets. The two most notable command economies of the 20th century were the communist/socialist economic systems of China and the Soviet Union. Other countries in eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America also had various forms of command economies during the mid- to late-1900s. The philosophical basis of 20th century command economies can be found in the works of Karl Marx, including the Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital. These works presented the economic rationale for the decline of capitalism and the emergence of communism through the dictatorship of the proletariat, with an intermediate stage of socialism. While Marx's ultimate, utopian system of communism is totally devoid of government, the intermediate state of socialism involves extensive government control, hence a command economy. Soviet and Chinese political leaders and revolutionaries who adopted a communistic philosophy never quite made it past the intermediate socialistic, command economy stage.
Recommended Citation:COMMAND ECONOMY, AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2025. [Accessed: July 12, 2025].
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time strolling around a discount warehouse buying club hoping to buy either one of those memory foam pillows or a remote controlled train set. Be on the lookout for telephone calls from long-lost relatives.
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The first U.S. fire insurance company was established by Benjamin Franklin in 1752 in Philadelphia.
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"What gets measured gets done." -- Peter Drucker, educator
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Income, Nominal Gross National Product
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