|
|
C: The standard abbreviation for consumption expenditures by the household sector, especially when used in the study of macroeconomics. This abbreviation is most often seen in the consumption function, specified as C = a + bY, where Y stands for national income. It is also used for the aggregate expenditure equation, AE = C + I + G + (X - M), where I, G, and (X - M) represent expenditures by the other three macroeconomic sectors, business, government, and foreign.
Visit the GLOSS*arama
|
|
|
|
                           HORIZONTAL EQUITY: A tax equity principle stating that people with the same ability to pay taxes should pay the same amount of taxes. This is one of two equity principles related to the ability-to-pay principle. The other is vertical equity, which states that people with a different ability to pay taxes should pay a different amount of taxes. Horizontal equity is a basic "fairness" notion of government taxation. If government needs to collect taxes from members of society to finance the provision of public goods and other government operations, then it makes sense to collect those taxes in a fair and equitable manner. One noted criterion of equity is the ability-to-pay principle, stating that taxes should be collected from those who can afford to pay, those with ability to pay reflected by income.Using the ability-to-pay as the criterion for taxes, it also makes sense to collect the same amount of taxes from those with the same ability to pay. This across the board tax equality is horizontal equity. Suppose, for example, that Jonathan McJohnson earns $50,000 of income as a junior executive at OmniConglomerate, Inc. and pays $5,000 income taxes, a rate of 10%. Horizontal equity results if Manny Mustard, the proprietor of Manny Mustard's House of Sandwich, pays a like $5,000 of taxes on a like $50,000 of income earned from his sandwich-making business. Horizontal equity is violated if people with the same ability to pay, or income, pay different taxes. If Jonathan McJohnson and Manny Mustard both $50,000 of income, but due to a special tax deduction for home ownership, Jonathan pays only $2,500 in taxes while Manny pays $5,000, then horizontal equity is not achieved. A related tax equity principle is vertical equity. Vertical equity holds if people with different abilities to pay, that is, different income, pay different taxes. Vertical equity is violated if people with different abilities pay the same taxes.
Recommended Citation:HORIZONTAL EQUITY, AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2023. [Accessed: February 5, 2023].
Check Out These Related Terms... | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Or For A Little Background... | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
And For Further Study... | | | | | | | | |
Search Again?
Back to the WEB*pedia
|
|
|
BLUE PLACIDOLA
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a dollar discount store seeking to buy either storage boxes for your summer clothes or 500 feet of coaxial cable. Be on the lookout for florescent light bulbs that hum folk songs from the sixties.
Your Complete Scope
This isn't me! What am I?
|
|
|
Potato chips were invented in 1853 by a irritated chef repeatedly seeking to appease the hard to please Cornelius Vanderbilt who demanded french fried potatoes that were thinner and crisper than normal.
|
|
|
"Live in such a way that you would not be ashamed to sell your parrot to the town gossip." -- Will Rogers
|
|
GEB
Games and Economic Behavior
|
|
|
Tell us what you think about AmosWEB. Like what you see? Have suggestions for improvements? Let us know. Click the User Feedback link.
User Feedback
|
|
