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KITCHIN CYCLE: A cycle of economic activity lasting between 3 and 5 years that acquired the name of the first economist to study it, Joseph Kitchin. The Kitchin cycle is attributed to investment in inventories (especially for consumer goods). It is the one that is commonly at work when people are concerned with business-cycle contractions. This is also one of four separate cycles of macroeconomic activity that have been documented or hypothesized. The other three are Juglar cycle, Kuznets cycle, and Kondratieff cycle.
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                           PROCESS INNOVATION: An innovation that is an improvement in an existing product, technology, or idea or an improvement in the way a product, technology, or idea is produced. The contrast is with a product innovation, which is an innovation of a new product, technology, or idea that generates a beneficial improvement in society and the economy; one that is fundamentally different from existing products, technologies, or ideas. A process innovation is a (usually) moderate alteration of an existing is good, service, production technique, idea, concept, scientific theory, law, business, cultural norm, social organization, or government agency. This includes both an improvement in the good itself or how the good is produced. The "product" that is subject to the innovation need not be a tangible "good" that is exchanged through a market, but includes a wide range of "things" that affect the structure of society and the economy.A related concept is product innovation, which is the process of developing and making available a new product that is substantially different from, and an improvement over, what currently exists. The line between product and process innovation is not always clear cut. In some cases an existing product can experience so many process innovations that it actually becomes a new product. Process innovations range far and wide, affecting all aspects of economic production and society. One example is the introduction of automation in the manufacturing process. The same good is produced, it's merely done so in an improved, more efficient manner. Another example is increasing the processing speed and memory capacity of a personal computer. It's still a personal computer, just better and faster. Television offers an interesting example of a good subject to so many process innovations that it effectively becomes a new product. It began with the simple audio transmission over AM frequencies, a simple radio. The addition of FM frequencies, the transmission of pictures, the addition of more tubes, then presto, the result is television. The overlap between process and product innovations goes even deeper. Modifying automobile production with the addition of automated machinery, for example, is a process innovation. However, the automated machinery itself may in fact be a product innovation.
Recommended Citation:PROCESS INNOVATION, AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2025. [Accessed: July 9, 2025].
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time waiting for visits from door-to-door solicitors trying to buy either a coffee cup commemorating the 1960 Presidential election or a how-to book on fixing your computer, with illustrations. Be on the lookout for defective microphones.
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The first U.S. fire insurance company was established by Benjamin Franklin in 1752 in Philadelphia.
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"All labor that uplifts humanity has dignity and importance and should be undertaken with painstaking excellence. " -- Martin Luther King Jr., civil rights leader
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