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RESERVE REQUIREMENTS: Rules by the Federal Reserve System governing the amount of bank reserves that banks must keep to back up their deposits. Legal reserve requirements came about because banks that practice fractional-reserve banking are sometimes inclined to make too many interest-paying loans and neglect to keep enough reserves on hand to pay their depositors. In principle, the Fed can alter reserve requirements to control the money supply. In practice, however, the Fed prefers to use open market operations or the discount rate.

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Lesson Contents
Unit 1: The Exchange
  • What It Is
  • Equilibrium
  • Competition
  • Number
  • Unit 1 Summary
  • Unit 2: The Numbers
  • Schedule
  • Market Agreement
  • Equilibrium
  • Unit 2 Summary
  • Unit 3: A Graph
  • The Curves
  • The Equilibrium
  • Unit 3 Summary
  • Unit 4: Adjustment
  • Self-Correction
  • Shortage
  • Surplus
  • Unit 4 Summary
  • Unit 5: Efficiency
  • What It Is
  • Efficient Markets
  • Too Little Production
  • Too Much Production
  • Inefficiency
  • Unit 5 Summary
  • Course Home
    Market

    In this lesson, we'll see how buyers (discussed in the demand lesson) come together with sellers (discussed in the supply lesson) to exchange commodities using a market. More precisely, this lesson develops an abstract market model, or market analysis, that we can use to explain and understand a wide range of real world exchanges.

    • This lesson begins with an overview of the basic exchange process underlying markets, including the notion of equilibrium, the roles played by price and quantity, and the importance of competition.
    • In the second unit we work through a simple market analysis using demand and supply schedules, highlight both equilibrium and disequilibrium conditions.
    • The third unit then carefully examines the notion of market equilibrium using demand and supply curves, which generates the widely used graphical model of the market.
    • Moving onto the fourth unit, we use the graphical market model to investigate the automatic market responses to shortages and surpluses.
    • The lesson concludes in the fifth unit by considering the relation between market exchanges and efficiency.

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    GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, EXPENDITURES

    A method of estimating gross domestic product (GDP) based on identifying the aggregate expenditures (consumption expenditures, investment expenditures, government purchases, and net exports) made by the four macroeconomic sectors (household, business, government, and foreign). This is one of two methods used by the Bureau of Economic Analysis in the National Income and Product Accounts to estimate gross domestic product. The other identifies the value of total production from the income received by the resource owners.

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    APLS

    BEIGE MUNDORTLE
    [What's This?]

    Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time wandering around the downtown area looking to buy either a New York Yankees baseball cap or several magazines on home repairs. Be on the lookout for bottles of barbeque sauce that act TOO innocent.
    Your Complete Scope

    This isn't me! What am I?

    Al Capone's business card said he was a used furniture dealer.
    "An idea is never given to you without you being given the power to make it reality."

    -- Richard Bach, Author

    ECU
    European Currency Unit
    A PEDestrian's Guide
    Xtra Credit
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