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December 14, 2025 

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MARGINAL COST AND DIMINISHING MARGINAL RETURNS: Decreasing then increasing marginal cost that gives rise to a U-shaped marginal cost curve reflects increasing then decreasing marginal returns. In particular the decreasing marginal returns is caused by the law of diminishing marginal returns. As such, the law of diminishing marginal returns affects not only the short-run production of a firm but also the cost of production in the short run.

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LAW OF DIMINISHING MARGINAL RETURNS: A principle stating that as more and more of a variable input is combined with a fixed input in short-run production, the marginal product of the variable input eventually declines. This is THE economic principle underlying the analysis of short-run production for a firm. Among a host of other things, it offers an explanation for the upward-sloping market supply curve. How does the law of diminishing marginal returns help us understand supply? The law of supply and the upward-sloping supply curve indicate that a firm needs to receive higher prices to produce and sell larger quantities. Why do they need higher prices?

     See also | increasing marginal returns | decreasing marginal returns | marginal product | marginal cost | short-run production | supply curve | fixed input | variable input |


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LAW OF DIMINISHING MARGINAL RETURNS, AmosWEB GLOSS*arama, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2025. [Accessed: December 14, 2025].


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PROPRIETORS' INCOME

The official factor payment item in the National Income and Product Accounts maintained by the Bureau of Economics Analysis measuring the combined payments for all four factors of production used in owner-operated business firms. Specifically, proprietors' income is the excess of revenue over explicit production cost of owner-operated businesses and includes payments for labor, capital, land, and entrepreneurship. This is one of five official factor payments making up national income. The other four are compensation of employees, rental income of persons, net interest, and corporate profits. Proprietors' income is usually less than 10 percent of national income, typically in the 7 to 10 percent range.

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