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July 18, 2025 

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PERFECT COMPETITION, REALISM: Perfect competition is an idealized market structure that does NOT exist in the real world. While some real world industries might come relatively close to one or two of the four key characteristics of perfect competition, none matches all four sufficiently that they can be declared PERFECTLY competitively. Some industries come close on the large number of small firms and the identical product characteristics. A few industries have relatively good, although not perfect, information about prices and technology. However, almost all industries fall far short of the perfect mobility characteristics.

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MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION AND EFFICIENCY: A monopolistically competitive firm generally produces less output and charges a higher price than would be the case for a perfectly competitive industry. In particular, the price charged by monopolistic competition is not equal to (in fact, higher than) the marginal cost of production. The equality between price and marginal cost is THE key indication that resources are allocated efficiently and that society's resources are NOT being used to generate the highest possible level of satisfaction.

     See also | monopolistic competition | market control | marginal cost | demand curve | market failure | monopolistic competition characteristics | monopolistic competition and demand | inefficiency |


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MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION AND EFFICIENCY, AmosWEB GLOSS*arama, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2025. [Accessed: July 18, 2025].


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AVERAGE FACTOR COST CURVE, PERFECT COMPETITION

A curve that graphically represents the relation between average factor cost incurred by a perfectly competitive firm for employing an input and the quantity of input used. Because average factor cost is essentially the price of the input, the average factor cost curve is also the supply curve for the input. The average factor cost curve for a perfectly competitive firm with no market control is horizontal. The average revenue curve for a firm with market control is positively sloped.

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