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LRAC CURVE: The common abbreviation for the long-run average cost curve, which is a curve depicting the per unit cost of producing a good or service in the long run when all inputs are variable. The long-run average cost curve can be derived in two ways. On is to plot long-run average cost, which is, long-run total cost divided by the quantity of output produced. at different output levels. The more common method, however, is as an envelope of an infinite number of short-run average total cost curves. Such an envelope is base on identifying the point on each short-run average total cost curve that provides the lowest possible average cost for each quantity of output. The long-run average cost curve is U-shaped, reflecting economies of scale (or increasing returns to scale) when negatively-sloped and diseconomies of scale (or decreasing returns to scale) when positively sloped. The minimum point (or range) on the LRAC curve is the minimum efficient scale.
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                           PERSONAL TAXES: The common term for the portion of personal income used to pay personal tax and nontax payments. Personal tax and nontax payments is the official item in the National Income and Product Accounts maintained by the Bureau of Economics Analysis measuring the personal income taxes paid to the government sector on personal income received by the household sector. Personal tax and nontax payments are subtracted from personal income (PI) to calculate disposable income (DI). Personal tax and nontax payments are about 15 percent of personal income and about 13 percent of gross domestic product. The primary taxes included in personal tax and nontax payments are the personal income taxes (the ones due on April 15th) that are paid to the three levels of government--federal, state, and local. Another major component is property taxes paid to state and local governments. It also includes assorted, and minor, nontax fees and charges, such as fishing licenses and national park entrance fees.Taxes excluded from this item might be as important as those included. Personal tax and nontax payments do NOT include Social Security taxes or sales taxes. Both of these enter into the National Income and Product Accounts in other places. The derivation of disposable income (DI) from personal income (PI) by subtracting personal tax and nontax payments (PT) is illustrated by this equation:
Recommended Citation:PERSONAL TAXES, AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2025. [Accessed: July 10, 2025].
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time visiting every yard sale in a 30-mile radius trying to buy either a replacement battery for your pocket calculator or a how-to book on home remodeling. Be on the lookout for crowded shopping malls.
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In the Middle Ages, pepper was used for bartering, and it was often more valuable and stable in value than gold.
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"Lord, where we are wrong, make us willing to change; where we are right, make us easy to live with. " -- Peter Marshall, US Senate chaplain
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WTO
World Trade Organization
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