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UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICE: An activity on the part of employers to discourage legal labor union actions or on the part of labor unions to discourage legal nonunion employee actions. In the never ending battle between labor and management to gain the upper hand in the labor market each side has engaged in practices to thwart the power of the other side. Management commonly undertook what are now termed unfair labor practices in the early stages of the labor union movement to prevent unions from gaining power. Once unions gained power, however, then too engaged in unfair labor practices to keep and enhance that power. Unfair labor practices by management were largely outlawed by the National Labor Relations Act. Unfair labor practices by labor unions were largely outlawed by the Taft-Hartley Act.
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                           PRODUCT INNOVATION: An innovation of a new product, technology, or idea that generates a beneficial improvement in society and the economy; one that is fundamentally different from existing products, technologies, or ideas. The contrast is with a process innovation, which is an improvement in an existing product, technology, or idea. A product innovation is the process of developing and making available a new good, service, production technique, idea, concept, scientific theory, law, business, cultural norm, social organization, or government agency that is substantially different from, and an improvement over, what currently exists. The "product" in question need not be a tangible "good" that is exchanged through a market, but includes a wide range of "things" that result in a change in the status quo and a modification of the existing institutions that form the structure of society and the economy.A related concept is process innovation, which is a (usually) moderate alteration of an existing product or how an existing product is produced. The line between product and process innovation is not always clear cut. In some cases an existing product can experience so many process innovations that it actually becomes a new product. A product innovation might lead to major changes in the very fabric of society or might just make one small aspect of life a little bit easier. Product innovations falling in the major category include the Gutenberg printing press, the electric light bulb, the automobile, and the personal computer. Modern society would be substantially different without these innovations. The minor side of product innovations includes such things as the battery powered drill driver, the electric can opener, the stapler, and the ballpoint pen. Each is useful. Each is an improvement. Each has made life a little easier. But none are indispensable. Life would likely exist much as it is now in the absence of this product innovations. Of course product innovations go beyond typical, tangible "goods." The U.S. Constitution is a notable product innovation that goes beyond the "typical." Another is Christianity. Drive-in movies, popular in the 50s and 60s, are a third among many.
Recommended Citation:PRODUCT INNOVATION, AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2025. [Accessed: July 15, 2025].
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time touring the new suburban shopping complex wanting to buy either decorative picture frames or storage boxes for your income tax returns. Be on the lookout for broken fingernail clippers.
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Junk bonds are so called because they have a better than 50% chance of default, carrying a Standard & Poor's rating of CC or lower.
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"The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining." -- John F. Kennedy, 35th U. S. president
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SMSA
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