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OMB: The abbrevation for Office of Management and Budget, which is an office within the Executive branch (specifically within the Office of the White House), that assists the President in various fiscal matters. Established in 1970, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is responsible for developing the President's annual budget request to Congress, managing the Executive Branch, and evaluating Federal government regulations. The OMB staff are appointed by the President, but unlike other appointments, they do not need Senate confirmation. The duty of preparing the fiscal budget, and what this means for fiscal policy, has made the director of the OMB one of the more influential economic positions in country, ranking just a notch below the Chairman of the Federal Reserve System's Board of Governors and the Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisors. The Congressional counterpart of the OMB is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO).
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                           VERTICAL EQUITY: A tax equity principle stating that people with a different ability to pay taxes should pay a different amount of taxes. This is one of two equity principles related to the ability-to-pay principle. The other is horizontal equity, which states that people with the same ability to pay taxes should pay the same amount of taxes. Vertical equity is a basic "fairness" notion of government taxation. If government needs to collect taxes from members of society to finance the provision of public goods and other government operations, then it makes sense to collect those taxes in a fair and equitable manner. One noted criterion of equity is the ability-to-pay principle, stating that taxes should be collected from those who can afford to pay, those with ability to pay reflected by income.Using the ability-to-pay as the criterion for taxes, it also makes sense to collect a different amount of taxes from those with a different ability to pay. Those who have greater ability, pay more taxes. Those with less ability, pay fewer taxes. This across the board tax equality is vertical equity. Suppose, for example, that Jonathan McJohnson earns $50,000 of income as a junior executive at OmniConglomerate, Inc. and pays $5,000 income taxes, a rate of 10%. Vertical equity results if Lisa Quirkenstone, a clerk at the MegaMart Discount Warehouse Supercenter, pays $500 of taxes on $5,000 of income earned from her job, also 10%. Jonathan has greater ability and pays more taxes. Vertical equity is violated if people with a different ability to pay, or income, pay the same taxes. If Jonathan McJohnson has $5,000 of income and Lisa Quirkenstone has $5,000 of income, but due to a special tax deduction for home ownership, Jonathan pays the same $500 in taxes as Lisa, then vertical equity is not achieved. A related tax equity principle is horizontal equity. Horizontal equity holds if people with the same ability to pay, that is, the same income, pay the same tax. Horizontal equity is violated if people with the same ability, pay different taxes.
Recommended Citation:VERTICAL EQUITY, AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2023. [Accessed: March 22, 2023].
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WHITE GULLIBON
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time calling an endless list of 800 numbers looking to buy either one of those memory foam pillows or a remote controlled train set. Be on the lookout for slightly overweight pizza delivery guys.
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Woodrow Wilson's portrait adorned the $100,000 bill that was removed from circulation in 1929. Woodrow Wilson was removed from circulation in 1924.
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"Most of the things worth doing in the world had been declared impossible before they were done." -- Louis D. Brandeis, Supreme Court Justice
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NPV
Net Present Value
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