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July 27, 2024 

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UNLIMITED WANTS AND NEEDS: A characteristic of people such that they are never totally satisfied with the quantity and variety of goods and services. This is one half of the fundamental problem of scarcity that has plagued humanity since the beginning of time. The other half of the scarcity problem is limited resources. Unlimited wants and needs essentially means that people never get "enough"--that there's always something else that they would want or need.

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PARETO IMPROVEMENT: Based on the Pareto efficiency criterion, the notion that an action improves efficiency if it is possible for one person to benefit without anyone else being harmed. A Pareto improvement is possible if the economy has idle resources or market failures. With idle resources, more production is possible to help some without hurting others. With market failures, corrective actions can eliminate deadweight loss that can then be use for benefits economy-wide. A contrasting condition for attaining efficiency is the Kaldor-Hicks improvement.

     See also | Pareto efficiency | efficiency | Kaldor-Hicks improvement | Kaldor-Hicks efficiency | welfare economics | externality | market failure | unemployment | resources |


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TAX EFFECTS

The primary reason that governments collect taxes from members of society is to finance government operations and provide public goods. However, taxes also create disincentives to engage in the taxed activity, which causes a change in the allocation of resources. This two consequences of taxes are summarized in two essential tax effects -- the revenue effect and the allocation effect. While all taxes have both, the key to effective government is minimize the allocation effect if the goal is to generate revenue and to minimize the revenue effect if the goal is to change the allocation of resources.

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time looking for the new strip mall out on the highway trying to buy either a birthday gift for your aunt or a pair of leather sandals that won't cause blisters. Be on the lookout for strangers with large satchels of used undergarments.
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The Dow Jones family of stock market price indexes began with a simple average of 11 stock prices in 1884.
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