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EXCESS SUPPLY: A disequilibrium condition in a competitive market in which the quantity supplied is greater than the quantity demanded, hence there's "extra" supply. Pointy-headed economists generally use the more technical term surplus rather than excess supply. The reason, of course, is that surplus has two syllables and excess supply has four. The time saved in pronouncing two syllables rather than four is a definite efficiency plus for the entire economy.
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KALDOR-HICKS IMPROVEMENT: Based on the Kaldor-Hicks efficiency criterion, the notion that an action improves efficiency if the willingness to pay of those benefiting exceed the willingness to accept of those harmed. In other words, if those gains exceed those losses, or the benefits exceed the costs, then social welfare is improved and undertaking the action provides a net benefit to society. In other words, the winners can, in principle, compensate the losers for their loss, and still come out ahead. The actual compensation, however, is required. A contrasting condition for attaining efficiency is the Pareto improvement. See also | Kaldor-Hicks efficiency | efficiency | willingness to pay | willingness to accept | benefit-cost analysis | Pareto improvement | Pareto efficiency | welfare economics | externality | market failure |
Recommended Citation:KALDOR-HICKS IMPROVEMENT, AmosWEB GLOSS*arama, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2025. [Accessed: November 15, 2025].
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GOVERNMENT PURCHASES Expenditures made by the government sector on final goods and services, or gross domestic product. Government purchases are used to buy the goods and services needed to operate the government (such as administrative salaries) and to provide public goods (including national defense, highway construction). These purchases are one of two major categories of government spending, the other is transfer payments. Government purchases are financed by a mix of taxes and borrowing and are categorized by the three levels of government: federal, state, and local governments. These are one of four expenditures on gross domestic product. The other three are consumption expenditures, investment expenditures, and net exports.
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BLUE PLACIDOLA
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time flipping through mail order catalogs hoping to buy either a coffee table shaped like the state of Florida or storage boxes for your summer clothes. Be on the lookout for deranged pelicans.
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There were no banks in colonial America before the U.S. Revolutionary War. Anyone seeking a loan did so from another individual.
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"Do something wonderful; people may imitate it. " -- Albert Schweitzer, theologian, physician
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OMO
Open Market Operations
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