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FEDERAL FUNDS MARKET: The market used by banks to borrow and lend bank reserves. In particular, a substantial part of the reserves held by banks are deposits with the Federal Reserve System. On many occasions some banks will have more deposits than they need to meet the Fed's reserve requirements, while other banks find themselves a little short. It's a simple matter then for one bank to lend some of these extra reserves to another--usually for no more than a few days. Working on instructions from the banks, the Fed electronically switches funds from one account to another and a federal funds market loan has been completed. The interest rate tacked on by the lending bank is termed the federal funds rate.

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CONSUMPTION FUNCTION: The positive relation between household consumption expenditures and household disposable income that forms one of the key building blocks for Keynesian economics. The consumption function is commonly presented as the consumption line or propensity-to-consume line. The slope of this line is the marginal propensity to consume, which is the proportion of any additional income used for consumption. The consumption function and the marginal propensity to consume play key roles in the multiplier and accelerator concepts. Because saving is the difference between disposable income and consumption, the saving function is a complementary relation to the consumption function.

     See also | Keynesian economics | consumption expenditures | disposable income | consumption line | multiplier | accelerator | saving function | income-expenditure model | marginal propensity to consume | induced consumption | autonomous consumption |


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ASSUMPTIONS, CLASSICAL ECONOMICS

Classical economics, especially as directed toward macroeconomics, relies on three key assumptions--flexible prices, Say's law, and saving-investment equality. Flexible prices ensure that markets adjust to equilibrium and eliminate shortages and surpluses. Say's law states that supply creates its own demand and means that enough income is generated by production to purchase the resulting production. The saving-investment equality ensures that any income leaked from consumption into saving is replaced by an equal amount of investment. Although of questionable realism, these three assumptions imply that the economy would operate at full employment.

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