DISECONOMIES OF SCALE: Increasing long-run average cost that occurs as a firm increases all inputs and expands its scale of production. This is graphically illustrated by a positively-sloped long-run average cost curve and typically occurs for relatively large levels of production. Diseconomies of scale overwhelm by economies of scale for relatively large production levels. Together, economies of scale and diseconomies of scale cause the long-run average cost curve to be U-shaped.

     See also | long-run average cost | long-run average cost curve | economies of scale | returns to scale | decreasing returns to scale | increasing returns to scale | short-run production | law of diminishing marginal returns | fixed input | variable input |

DISECONOMIES OF SCALE, AmosWEB GLOSS*arama, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2022. [Accessed: December 8, 2022].

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A market adversely selects only lower quality products for exchange. The market for lemons is an illustration of adverse selection that results from asymmetric information. In this market, because buyers have limited information they offer an average price based on the average quality of the goods. Sellers, however, with better information select to sell lower quality products but not higher quality ones. Two methods of address this problem are signalling and screening. Two related information problems are moral hazard and the principal-agent problem.

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