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AD CURVE: The aggregate demand curve, which is a graphical representation of the relation between aggregate expenditures on real production and the price level, holding all ceteris paribus aggregate demand determinants constant. The aggregate demand, or AD, curve is one side of the graphical presentation of the aggregate market. The other side is occupied by the aggregate supply curve (which is actually two curves, the long-run aggregate supply curve and the short-run aggregate supply curve). The negative slope of the aggregate demand curve captures the inverse relation between aggregate expenditures on real production and the price level. This negative slope is attributable to the interest-rate effect, real-balance effect, and net-export effect.

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OUTPUT GAPS: Recessionary and inflationary gaps created by differences between equilibrium real production achieved in the short-run aggregate market and full-employment real production. A recessionary gap occurs if short-run equilibrium real production is less than full-employment real production. An inflationary gap results if short-run real equilibrium production is greater than full-employment real production.

     See also | recessionary gap | inflationary gap | full employment | real production | short-run aggregate market | inflation | unemployment | business cycle | contraction | expansion |


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CURRENT ACCOUNT, BALANCE OF PAYMENTS

A subset of the balance of payments accounts that tracks the flow of currency and other monetary assets in exchange for trade between one nation and other nations. It includes payments for imports and exports of both goods and services. It also includes monetary gifts or transfer payments to and from other nations. The current account is divided into three categories -- balance on merchandise trade, balance on services, and unilateral transfers. This is one of two primary subsets of the balance of payments. The other is the capital account. A deficit or surplus in the current account is matched by an opposite surplus deficit in the capital account.

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