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ADJUSTMENT, SHORT-RUN AGGREGATE MARKET: Disequilibrium in the short-run aggregate market induces changes in the price level that restore equilibrium. If the price level is above the short-run equilibrium price level, economy-wide product market surpluses cause the price level to fall. If the price level is below the short-run equilibrium price level, economy-wide product market shortages cause the price level to rise. In both cases short-run equilibrium is restored. You might want to compare adjustment, long-run aggregate market. Price level changes induce changes in both aggregate expenditures and real production. Unlike the long-run aggregate market, changes in the price level can induce changes in short-run aggregate supply, making it greater or less than full-employment real production.

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SUBSTITUTION EFFECT: One of two reasons for law of demand and the negative slope of the market demand curve (the other is the income effect). The substitution effect occurs because a change in the price of a good makes it relatively higher or lower than the prices of other goods that might act as substitutes. A higher price means that a good is more expensive relative to other goods, while a lower price means it's less expensive.

     See also | demand | demand curve | law of demand | slope | quantity demanded | income effect | demand price | substitute |


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EXPENDITURES MULTIPLIER

A measure of the change in aggregate production caused by changes in an autonomous expenditure. The expenditures multiplier is the inverse of one minus the slope of the aggregate expenditures line. The simple expenditures multiplier includes ONLY induced consumption. More complex expenditures multipliers include other induced components. Two related multipliers are the tax multiplier, which measures the change in aggregate production caused by changes in taxes, and the balanced-budget multiplier which measures the change in aggregate production from equal changes in both taxes and government purchases.

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BEIGE MUNDORTLE
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time calling an endless list of 800 numbers looking to buy either a how-to book on wine tasting or a bookshelf that will fit in your closet. Be on the lookout for neighborhood pets, especially belligerent parrots.
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Lewis Carroll, the author of Alice in Wonderland, was the pseudonym of Charles Dodgson, an accomplished mathematician and economist.
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-- Theodore Roosevelt, 26th US president

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