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BUSINESS CYCLE PHASES: The recurring, but irregular, pattern of business cycles can be divided into two basic phases -- expansion and contraction. An expansion is a period of increasing economic activity and a contraction is a period of declining economic activity. These two phases are marked by two transitions. The transition from expansion to contraction is termed a peak and the transition from contraction to expansion is termed a trough. The early portion of an expansion is often referred to as a recovery.
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Lesson Contents
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Unit 1: What It Is |
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Unit 2: Banking Details |
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Unit 3: Reserve Banking |
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Unit 4: Regulating Banks |
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Unit 5: The Economy | |
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Banking
In this lesson, we take a look at the role banking plays in the macroeconomy. Banking is most important to the study of macroeconomics because a substantial fraction of the economy's money supply is under the direct control of commercial banks (as opposed to government). Because government needs to control the money supply to promote business-cycle stability, they need to control banks control of the money supply. As such, we need to take a look at how banks operate, including how they issue the deposits that make up the money supply. - The first unit opens this lesson with an overview of banks and the banking system, including their role as financial intermediaries.
- Moving into the second unit, we take a closer look at the banking system, especially the four basic types of banks (banks, savings and loans, credit unions, and mutual savings banks) and the assorted assets and liabilities of a typical bank.
- The key banking principle -- fractional-reserve banking -- is then discussed in the third unit with a little story about Fred the Goldsmith.
- The fourth unit of this lesson discusses the why, how, and who of bank regulation.
- The fifth and final unit then examines the benefits and problems of fractional-reserve banking for the macroeconomy.
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BALANCE ON MERCHANDISE TRADE A subset of the balance of payments current account that records the difference between the payments received for exports of goods to other nations and the payments made for the imports of goods from other nations. The goods included are physical or tangible goods, but not intangible services. The balance on merchandise trade is thus appropriately divided into merchandise exported and merchandise imported. Two other subsets of the current account include the balance on services and unilateral transfers. The commonly termed balance of trade is the sum of the balance on merchandise trade and the balance on services.
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ORANGE REBELOON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a crowded estate auction seeking to buy either a birthday greeting card for your father or a T-shirt commemorating the first day of spring. Be on the lookout for broken fingernail clippers.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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A U.S. dime has 118 groves around its edge, one fewer than a U.S. quarter.
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"In order to create there must be a dynamic force, and what force is more potent than love." -- Igor Stravinsky, violinist
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TP
Total Product
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