BUSINESS CYCLES: The recurring expansions and contractions of the national economy (usually measured by real gross domestic product). A complete cycle typically lasts from three to five years, but could last ten years or more. It is divided into four phases -- expansion, peak, contraction, and trough. Unemployment inevitably rises during contractions and inflation tends to worsen during expansions. To avoid the inflation and unemployment problems of business cycles, the federal government frequently undertakes various fiscal and monetary policies.

     See also | real gross domestic product | economy | full-employment production | resources | aggregate expenditures | contraction | recession | expansion | peak | trough | recovery | unemployment | inflation | fiscal policy | monetary policy | business cycle phases | circular flow | business cycle measurement | economic indicators |

BUSINESS CYCLES, AmosWEB GLOSS*arama, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2023. [Accessed: December 8, 2023].

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A measure of the change in aggregate production caused by changes in a government taxes that shocks the macroeconomy, when consumption is the ONLY induced expenditure. The simple tax multiplier is the negative marginal propensity to consume times the inverse of one minus the marginal propensity to consume. A related multiplier is the simple expenditures multiplier, which measures the change in aggregate production caused by changes in an autonomous expenditure.

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